Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up in Project Management: A Practical Model

Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of elds including software management and organization. This paper highlights the di erences between these two approaches in the project management process groups, then the paper suggests some guidelines of how and when to use one of the two approaches or combining both of them during the project management lifecycle. Finally; the paper suggests an enhanced model combines the two approaches during the di erent project management knowledge areas.