Early interactions between legumes and rhizobia: disclosing complexity in a molecular dialogue

被引:191
|
作者
Cooper, J. E. [1 ]
机构
[1] Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland
关键词
flavonoid; Nod factor; nod gene; rhizobium; symbiosis;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03366.x
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The exchange of chemical signals between soil bacteria ( rhizobia) and legumes has been termed a molecular dialogue. As initially conceived in the early 1990s, it involved two main groups of molecules: nod gene-inducing flavonoids from plants and the mitogenic lipochito-oligosaccharide Nod factors of rhizobia. This review considers how subsequent research revealed the existence of a more complex set of interactions, featuring expanded roles for the original participants and contributions from additional plant and bacterial metabolites. Rhizobia respond to chemoattractants and growth- enhancing compounds in root exudates, and several plant nonflavonoids possess nod gene-inducing properties. Expression ofnon- nod genes is induced by flavonoids; these include encoders of a type I secreted protein and the entire type III, and possibly also type IV, secretion systems. Many other genes and proteins in rhizobia are flavonoidinducible but their functions are largely unknown. Rhizobia produce far more Nod factor variants than was previously envisaged and their structures can be influenced by the pH of the environment. Other symbiotically active compounds or systems of rhizobia, some of them universally present, are: the surface polysaccharides, quorum- sensing N- acyl homoserine lactones, plant growth- promoting lumichrome and two- component regulatory systems.
引用
收藏
页码:1355 / 1365
页数:11
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