Hepatitis E Virus Genotypes and Evolution: Emergence of Camel Hepatitis E Variants

被引:147
|
作者
Sridhar, Siddharth [1 ]
Teng, Jade L. L. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Chiu, Tsz-Ho [1 ]
Lau, Susanna K. P. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Woo, Patrick C. Y. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, State Key Lab Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Microbiol,Queen Mary Hosp, Univ Pathol Bldg, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Res Ctr Infect & Immunol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Fac Med, Carol Yu Ctr Infect, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
来源
关键词
hepatitis E; zoonosis; hepatitis; taxonomy; molecular evolution; molecular epidemiology; genotypes; dromedary camel; Bactrian camel; swine; RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT FAILURE; GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEV; TRANSMISSION; VARIABILITY; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; PARTICLES; REGION;
D O I
10.3390/ijms18040869
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally. Zoonotic HEV is an important cause of chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. The rapid identification of novel HEV variants and accumulating sequence information has prompted significant changes in taxonomy of the family Hepeviridae. This family includes two genera: Orthohepevirus, which infects terrestrial vertebrates, and Piscihepevirus, which infects fish. Within Orthohepevirus, there are four species, A-D, with widely differing host range. Orthohepevirus A contains the HEV variants infecting humans and its significance continues to expand with new clinical information. We now recognize eight genotypes within Orthohepevirus A: HEV1 and HEV2, restricted to humans; HEV3, which circulates among humans, swine, rabbits, deer and mongooses; HEV4, which circulates between humans and swine; HEV5 and HEV6, which are found in wild boars; and HEV7 and HEV8, which were recently identified in dromedary and Bactrian camels, respectively. HEV7 is an example of a novel genotype that was found to have significance to human health shortly after discovery. In this review, we summarize recent developments in HEV molecular taxonomy, epidemiology and evolution and describe the discovery of novel camel HEV genotypes as an illustrative example of the changes in this field.
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页数:19
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