Characterization of anophelines larval habitats in the municipality of Sifontes, Bolivar State, Venezuela

The Municipality of Sifontes, located in the northeast of Bolivar State, is the main malaria foci in Venezuela. A considerable increase in malaria morbidity was recorded in the Municipality during the decade 2010-2014, with a record figure of 51.603 cases for 2014, 58% of the malaria for the country. In order to study the spatial distribution of anopheline inmature stages in the larval habitats and its relation to environmental variables, monthly collections were carried out in larval habitats representatives of the different types present in the area between September 2002 and December 2003. The Canonic Correspondance Analysis (CANOCO) showed that at the larval habitat level the Anopheles species is determined by the type and dynamics of the habitat, while at the microhabitat level (dip) the species are located along a gradient dominated by the type of vegetation, and in a lesser degree by the exposure to sun light and apparent water color. These allowed to established group of species a priori, such as those of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus associated to sun light and certain aquatic plants, or the subgenus Anopheles and Sthetomyia, An. squamifemur and Chagasia bonneae associated to shaded environments and lack of vegetation. The results help to understand the relationship of anopheline species with the environment and the importance of variables such s water dynamics, sun light, vegetation and water apparent color to determine its occurrence in the larval habitat.