GRAVITATIONAL WAVE RECOIL AND THE RETENTION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES

被引:81
|
作者
Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly [1 ]
Gueltekin, Kayhan [2 ]
Shoemaker, Deirdre [3 ]
Yunes, Nicolas [3 ]
机构
[1] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
[2] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[3] Penn State Univ, IGPG, Ctr Gravitat Wave Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
来源
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2008年 / 686卷 / 02期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
black hole physics; galaxies: nuclei; gravitation; gravitational waves; relativity;
D O I
10.1086/591218
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
During the inspiral and merger of a binary black hole, gravitational radiation is emitted anisotropically due to asymmetries in the merger configuration. This anisotropic radiation leads to a gravitational wave kick, or recoil velocity, as large as similar to 4000 km s(-1). We investigate the effect gravitational recoil has on the retention of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) within the population of Galactic globular clusters by simulating the response of IMBHs to black hole mergers. Assuming that our current understanding of IMBH formation is correct and yields an IMBH seed in every globular cluster, we find a significant problem in retaining low-mass IMBHs (less than or similar to 1000 M-circle dot) in the typical merger-rich globular cluster environment. Given a uniformblack hole spin distribution and orientation and a stellar-mass black hole mass function generated in a low-metallicity system, we find that only three of the Milky Way globular clusters can retain an IMBH with an initial mass of 200 M-circle dot. Even if IMBHs have an initial mass of 1000 M-circle dot, only 60 would remain within Milky Way globular clusters, and each would reside only in the most massive clusters. Our calculations show that if there are black holes of mass M > 50 M-circle dot in a cluster, repeated IMBH-black hole encounters will eventually eject a M = 1000 M-circle dot IMBH with greater than 30% probability. As a consequence, a large population of rogue black holes may exist in our Milky Way halo. We briefly discuss the dynamical implications of this process and its possible connection to ultraluminous X-ray sources ( ULXs).
引用
收藏
页码:829 / 837
页数:9
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