The association of sleep quality and sleep duration with nutritional status in older adults: Findings from the WCHAT study

Objective: To identify the associations between sleep quality, sleep duration and nutritional status in older adults. Methods: Data from a total of 6792 community-dwellings adults aged 50 and over from the baseline of the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study were analyzed. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). PSQI scores 5 were categorized as poor sleep quality. Duration of sleep was classified as <6 h, 6-7 h, 7-8 h, 8-9 h and >= 9 h. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) was used to assess nutritional status and a score <12 was identified as indicating a risk of malnutrition. Logistic regression models were used to explore the associations. Results: Of 6792 participants (mean age 62.4 +/- 8.3 years, 62.5 % women), 1831 (27.0 %) were at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 47.1 %. In the logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with a risk of malnutrition (OR = 1.62, 95 %CI = 1.44, 1.82). Sleep durations of less than 6 h and of more than 9 h were shown to increase the odds of malnutrition risk (OR = 1.42, 95 %CI = 1.16, 1.73 and OR = 1.24, 95 %CI = 1.05, 1.47, respectively). Conclusions: Sleep disorders were significantly associated with malnutrition risk among older adults. Our results highlight the importance of good sleep quality and enough sleep in order to maintain good nutritional status in older adults.