Ericoid plant species and Pinus sylvestris shape fungal communities in their roots and surrounding soil

Root-colonizing fungi can form mycorrhizal or endophytic associations with plant roots, the type of association depending on the host. We investigated the differences and similarities of the fungal communities of three boreal ericoid plants and one coniferous tree, and identified the community structure of fungi utilizing photosynthates from the plants studied. The fungal communities of roots and soils of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Calluna vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris were studied in an 18-month-long experiment where the plants were grown individually in natural substrate. Photosynthates utilizing fungi were detected with DNA stable-isotope probing using (CO2)-C-13 (C-13-DNA-SIP). The results indicated that the plants studied provide different ecological niches preferred by different fungal species. Those fungi which dominated the community in washed roots had also the highest C-13-uptake. In addition, a common root endophyte without confirmed mycorrhizal status also obtained C-13 from all the plants, indicating close plant-association of this fungal species. We detect several fungal species inhabiting the roots of both ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants. Our results highlight that the ecological role of co-occurrence of fungi with different life styles (e.g. mycorrhizal or endophytic) in plant root systems should be further investigated.