Determination of the appropriate fraction number and size of the HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer

Based on the linear-quadratic model, we have made two isoeffect tables for transforming the traditional low dose rate (LDR) point A doses at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 Gy to those of the high dose rate (HDR) dose per fraction. HDR fractions ranged from 1 to 12, with corresponding sizes for each fraction. We also propose the therapeutic gain ratio (TGR) method for determining the appropriate fraction number of HDR brachytherapy in cervical cancer. TGR is defined as addition of the calculated biological therapeutic difference with the supposed physical therapeutic difference of HDR brachytherapy. Through the TGR method, we predicted that after 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 4 to 7 fractions of HDR treatments, the tumor control rate and complication rate would be equivalent to those of LDR point A doses of 30, 40, and 70 Gy, respectively. The TGR is affected by many factors, such as the equivalent total dose of LDR, dose rate of LDR, KDR fraction number, T-1/2, and differences between LDR and HDR in the dose in critical organs. The TGR method might explain why a low fraction number of HDR can be used in clinical practice. We may use this principle to replace the traditional trial-and-error method for transcribing the relationship between LDR and HDR treatments. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.