Total crude protein extract of Trichoderma spp. induces systemic resistance in pearl millet against the downy mildew pathogen

Several proteins and peptides of microbial origin are reported for their elicitor properties, which play a vital role in the development of local and systemic resistances in plants. In this study, the efficacy of total crude proteins (TCP) extracted from six different Trichoderma spp. (T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. brevicompactum) was evaluated for their ability to elicit defense responses in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. Priming of pearl millet seeds (with or without mannitol) with different concentrations of TCP from Trichoderma spp. does not affect the seed germination and seedling vigor significantly. Under greenhouse conditions, a varied level of disease protection was recorded with TCP of different Trichoderma spp., and furthermore, its efficacy was found increased when treated with mannitol. Total crude protein extracts of T. atroviride (75 mu g/ml) with mannitol recorded significantly higher disease protection of 53.6% in comparison with respective controls. Furthermore, this observation was supported by elevated levels of peroxidase (7.7 U @ 36 h after inoculation) and lipoxygenase (29.5 U @ 48 h after inoculation) and hypersensitive necrotic spots (56% @ 24 h after inoculation). The present study illustrated the capability of TCP extracted from different Trichoderma spp. to elicit the disease resistance mechanism in pearl millet seedlings against Sclerospora graminicola.