Primary renal leiomyosarcoma: CT manifestations and correlation with pathologic findings

Primary renal leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor that is responsible for 50%-60% of all renal sarcomas. Treatment of this disease has been difficult due to the insufficient data, making the clinical information on primary renal leiomyosarcoma extremely important for understanding and treatingthis challenging disease. This work presents CT diagnosis of 8 cases of primary renal leiomyosarcoma collected from our clinical practice. Among all 8 cases, 7 lesions were in the periphery of the kidney, including 4 ill-demarcated lesions and 3 well-demarcated lesions. On plain scanning, 6 lesions were homogeneous iso-or hyper-attenuation and 2 lesions were heterogeneous with both iso-and hyper-attenuation. CT imaging showed that the tumors were composed of spindle cells interspersed with connective tissue collagen fibers. This study may help us understand primary renal leiomyosarcoma from a clinical aspect, preparing us clinical data on treating this disease.