Let f (x) be a non-zero polynomial with integer coefficients. An automorphism phi of a group G is said to satisfy the elementary abelian identity f (x) if the linear transformation induced by phi on every characteristic elementary abelian section of G is annihilated by f (x). We prove that if a finite (soluble) group G admits a fixed-point-free automorphism phi satisfying an elementary abelian identity f (x), where f (x) is a primitive polynomial, then the Fitting height of G is bounded in terms of deg(f (x)). We also prove that if f (x) is any non-zero polynomial and G is a Sigma i-group for a finite set of primes Sigma = Sigma(f (x)) depending only on f (x), then the Fitting height of G is bounded in terms of the number irr(f (x)) of different irreducible factors in the decomposition of f (x). These bounds for the Fitting height are stronger than the well-known bounds in terms of the composition length alpha(|phi|) of O phi) when deg f (x) or irr(f (x)) is small in comparison with alpha(|phi|).(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).