Clinical characteristics and efficacy of methotrexate in Japanese patients with noninfectious scleritis

Purpose To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of noninfectious scleritis in Japanese patients, focusing on the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX). Study design Retrospective. Patients and methods A retrospective study of patients with noninfectious scleritis treated at Hiroshima University from February 2016 to May 2020 was performed. The patients' clinical features, associated systemic diseases, treatments, and visual outcomes were studied. The efficacy of MTX was also analyzed. Results The study comprised 57 patients (88 eyes) with noninfectious scleritis, of whom 31 had bilateral involvement and the majority had anterior diffuse scleritis (n = 45). The commonest ocular complication was anterior chamber cells (38.6%), followed by ocular hypertension (28.1%). Associated systemic diseases were observed in 24.6% of the patients. Systemic immunosuppressive treatment was required in 78.9% of the patients, and 45.6% of the patients needed corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive treatment. Treatment success was achieved in 88.2% of the patients. Decreased vision was observed in 9.8% of the patients with >= 3-month follow-up. Seventeen patients were treated with MTX; the median maximum dose was 16 mg/week (range 8-16 mg). The scleritis was well controlled in almost 80% of the patients treated with MTX and systemic corticosteroids <= 5 mg. MTX adverse effects occurred in 47.1% of the MTX-treated patients; they were either tolerable or improved with dose adjustment in most cases. Conclusion Our study suggests the significance of prompt initiation of corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive treatment in treating patients with refractory scleritis or those intolerant of systemic corticosteroids. Moreover, MTX may be used effectively and safely for the treatment of noninfectious scleritis in Japanese patients.