A Simulation Study of the Effect of HCNG Fuel and Injector Hole Number along with a Variation of Fuel Injection Pressure in a Gasoline Engine Converted from Port Injection to Direct Injection

The number of injector holes and the fuel-injection pressure in an internal combustion engine can affect engine performance and exhaust emissions. Conversion of a port-injection gasoline engine to an HCNG direct-injection engine improves engine performance and exhaust emissions. In addition, increasing the injection pressure helps to increase engine performance. In this study, AVL Fire software was used to perform simulation by certain adjustments. The injection pressure was applied in mods of 15, 20, and 25 bars, the injector holes numbers were 3 and 6, the compression ratio changed from 10:1 to 14:1, and the amount of hydrogen enrichment to natural gas was in mods of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. This paper discusses the items above with regard to power, torque, combustion chamber pressure, fuel conversion efficiency, and exhaust emissions. The result determined that increasing the number of injector holes improves the performance engine and reduces CO emission so that the contour plots confirmed the balanced distribution of temperature and pressure. According to obtained results, maximum engine performance improved from 2.5% to 5% at different speeds and 30% added hydrogen, 25 bar injection pressure, and 6-hole injectors. The amount of CO decreased by approximately 30%, and NOx increased by about 10%.