Challenges of the political participation and representation of migrants in their home country: Towards an external political citizenship?

Following years of disinterest or hostility, many sending states are now trying to create or strengthen linkages with citizens residing abroad. To this end, states are adopting new policies and creating new institutions dedicated to emigrants. In the past three decades, a majority of states worldwide has adopted external voting legislation that enables citizens abroad to vote (and in certain cases be represented) in the home country without having to return. In this article, I question the emergence of such policies and discuss their impact on immigrant political participation in their country of residence.