The effects of liraglutide on glucose, inflammatory markers and lipoprotein metabolism: current knowledge and future perspective

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is an incretin secreted in response to nutrient ingestion. Derangements in the incretin system may contribute to the onset and progression of hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide is a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1-receptor agonist suitable for once-daily administration. Blood glucose- and weight-reducing effects, improvements in pancreatic beta-cell function and a low risk of hypoglycemic events have been demonstrated with this agent. There is a trend towards improvement in the proinflammatory milieu. Liraglutide also appears to have beneficial effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the form of a reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, and a concomitant increase in HDL cholesterol. These favorable effects of liraglutide on multiple metabolic pathways may contribute to a retardation of atherosclerosis and possibly a reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, prospective studies are still needed to elucidate the clinical impact of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes.