Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Self-Poled Two-Dimensional Li-Doped ZnO Microdisks

Two-dimensional materials with high-strength and stress-sensitive characteristics are promising for application in piezoelectric energy harvesting. We have synthesized two-dimensional Li-doped ZnO microdisks via a simple one-step hydrothermal method combined with low-temperature calcination. The Li-doped ZnO was self-poled with d(33) of similar to 15pmV(-1). The effect of the lithium concentration, precursor concentration, Li-doped ZnO weight ratio, and poling process on the output of nanogenerators based on the Li-doped ZnO microdisks was fully investigated. An outstanding output (similar to 20V, similar to 18 mu m(-2), and similar to 5.33mWcm(-3)) was obtained without a poling process. The stability was confirmed by fatigue testing over 36,000 cycles. This work provides a feasible solution to address the longstanding aim of achieving a balance between high output and cost-effective manufacturing of piezoelectric energy harvesters.