Outcomes of Volume Replacement Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Chest Wall Perforator Flaps: Comparison with Volume Displacement Oncoplastic Surgery and Total Breast Reconstruction

Background: Volume replacement oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (VR-OBCS) uses islanded or pedicled chest wall fasciocutaneous perforator flaps from outside of the breast footprint to replace the volume that has been excised during lumpectomy, extending the options for breast conservation to patients who may otherwise require mastectomy. This study compares outcomes for VR-OBCS with both standard volume displacement oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (VD-OBCS) and mastectomy with immediate total breast reconstruction (TBR). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted; demographic data, clinicopathologic factors, surgical details, and postoperative events were collected until patients had completed their reconstructions. Variables were compared using the t test and analysis of variance test, or chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Results: Ninety-seven consecutive patients (109 immediate breast reconstruction procedures) were included: 43 percent underwent standard VD-OBCS procedures, 35 percent underwent mastectomy with immediate TBR, and VR-OBCS techniques were used in 22 percent, of which only one patient required a delayed procedure for symmetry. Mean whole tumor size was similar in the VR-OBCS and TBR groups and was significantly higher than for the VD-OBCS group (p < 0.05). Overall rate of complications affecting the breast area (p < 0.001), need for additional surgery to either breast (p < 0.001), and time to reconstruction completion (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the TBR group. Conclusions: VR-OBCS extends the options for breast conservation to many patients that would otherwise require mastectomy. The complication rate is lower, fewer procedures are necessary, and less time is required to complete the reconstruction when compared with mastectomy and immediate TBR. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.