Evaluation of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) coupled with chlorine disinfection for municipal wastewater treatment and reuse

In this study, municipal wastewater was treated by a SMBR system and further disinfected with chlorine to produce reclaimed water. The primary objective was to examine the water quality with a focus on trihalomethanes (THMs). As disinfection conditions are important aspects in controlling the formation of THMs, influences of chlorine dose and contact time on THM formation and speciation were also investigated. High quality reclaimed water was generated though the SMBR system with regard to five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspend solid (SS) and turbidity. However the concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) in the chlorinated SMBR effluent was up to 160 mu g/L, demonstrating that the SMBR was insufficient in the removal of THM precursors. TTHM levels increased with chlorine dose and contact time. As chlorine dose increased, the yields of trichloromethane (CHCl3) and bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2) increased, whereas both tribromomethane (CHBr3) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) decreased due to the rise of Cl-2/Br- ratio. In order to reduce health risks of reclaimed water, efficient removal of disinfection by-product precursor and opportune chlorine disinfection conditions are recommended. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.