Ekeland's variational principle in weak and strong systems of arithmetic

We analyze Ekeland's variational principle in the context of reverse mathematics. We find that that the full variational principle is equivalent to Pi(1)(1)-CA(0), a strong theory of second-order arithmetic, while natural restrictions (e.g. to compact spaces or to continuous functions) yield statements equivalent to weak Konig's lemma (WKL0) and to arithmetical comprehension (ACA(0)). We also find that the localized version of Ekeland's variational principle is equivalent to Pi(1)(1)-CA(0), even when restricted to continuous functions. This is a rare example of a statement about continuous functions having great logical strength.