Genomic medicine: what are the challenges for the National Health Service?

'Personalized medicine' is inextricably linked with current advances in genomics. Although initial claims about the power of genomic tests have been modified, they have the potential to inform a personalized approach to healthcare. Within the health service, genomic testing is being applied in specific situations to inform therapy; however, more robust studies are needed to identify those tests that can make significant improvements to management and prevention of disease. Despite efforts to educate health professionals, genetic literacy remains unsatisfactory and more efforts are needed to embed genetics in pre- and post-registration professional education, and therefore, maximize benefit for patients. Primary care and public health professionals may be contexts in which genomics can be utilized for both personalized healthcare and promotion of community health.