The development of titanium science and technology in India

India occupies a prominent place among the countries with titanium resources. Although there is no domestic commercial production of titanium sponge, tonnage quantities of imported sponge are melted and converted into mill products and fabricated into equipment. A wide spectrum of R&D activities have been carried out in the last 20-30 years pertaining to beneficiation of ilmenite, production of primary metal, refining, alloy development, products development, characterization, melting, mechanical processing, forging, casting, welding, and coating. In this paper, the developments and current status of titanium science and technology in India are reviewed.