Tinnitus in Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis I and Axis II Findings According to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders

Aims: To examine the associations of self-reported presence of tinnitus with subtypes of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) as assessed by Axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and with psychologic characteristics as assessed by Axis II. Methods: This retrospective controlled study included 108 consecutive TMD patients referred to the Tel Aviv University Orofacial Pain Clinic. Each patient received full Axis I and Axis II diagnoses according to the DC/TMD. The patients were asked about currently experiencing tinnitus. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to test the associations between categorical variables. Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in continuous variables between categories. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-three (30.6%) TMD patients reported experiencing tinnitus. There was a significantly higher prevalence of myofascial pain with referral (P = .008) and nonspecific physical symptoms (P = .014) among the TMD patients who reported tinnitus. In addition, those patients reported significantly longer pain duration compared to TMD patients without tinnitus (P = .039). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the necessity of assessing both Axes I and II according to the DC/TMD in future studies and supports creating a standardized tinnitus screener tailored to TMD patients for future studies on tinnitus in TMD patients.