Dental considerations and the role of prosthodontics and maxillofacial prosthetics in facial transplantation

Background. Facial transplantation (FT) is a challenging reconstructive endeavor that requires the expertise of a multidisciplinary team. The specific role of maxillofacial prosthodontists has not yet been reported in detail. Methods. This review considers the contributions of prosthodontists throughout the FT process, from patient selection and dental evaluation to long-term dental rehabilitation of the transplant patient postoperatively. Moreover, considerations of dental management are evaluated. Results. In the almost 40 FT reported in the literature, the most consistently documented contribution by prosthodontists is the fabrication of a donor mask to maintain donor integrity. Though infrequently reported, prosthodontists have the potential to plan and perform a variety of dental procedures and follow-up plans. Conclusions. When applicable, facial transplant teams are tasked with providing optimal stomatognathic function and dental occlusion to recipients with severe facial disfigurement. The maxillofacial prosthodontist's contribution is crucial to the long-term dental restoration of the edentulous facial transplant candidate, in addition to the fabrication of the donor mask which fulfills the team's ethical responsibilities. Practical Implications. Maxillofacial prosthodontists play a pivotal role in facial transplantation, particularly when jaw segments are intended for transplantation.