Reflected appraisals and self-esteem

Reflected appraisals of self in roles and statuses were studied by comparing respondents who think other people regard their age, sex, race, occupation, marital status, and social class as very important versus those who do not think other people view them primarily in terms of those roles, Data came from a national telephone survey. The study showed that reflected appraisals of self in roles and statuses are negatively related to self-esteem, and this relationship is no stronger for women titan for men. In addition, across three different settings, negative relationships between reflected appraisals and self-esteem were found, although more frequent significant effects were found as an individual moves from home to public places to work.