Mechanical evolution of transpression zones affected by fault interactions: Insights from 3D elasto-plastic finite element models

被引:17
|
作者
Nabavi, Seyed Tohid [1 ]
Alavi, Seyed Ahmad [1 ]
Mohammadi, Soheil [2 ]
Ghassemi, Mohammad Reza [3 ]
机构
[1] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geol, Tehran, Iran
[2] Univ Tehran, High Performance Comp Lab, Sch Civil Engn, Tehran, Iran
[3] Geol Survey Iran, Res Inst Earth Sci, Tehran, Iran
关键词
Fault interaction; Pure-shear-dominated; Triclinic transpression; Vertical and lateral extrusion; Discontinuous heterogeneous flow; Finite-element method; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; SISTAN SUTURE ZONE; HIGH-STRAIN ZONES; DUCTILE SHEAR ZONES; PULL-APART BASINS; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; DEXTRAL TRANSPRESSION; ANALOG MODELS; TECTONIC TRANSPRESSION; PALEOSTRESS INVERSION;
D O I
10.1016/j.jsg.2017.11.003
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
The mechanical evolution of transpression zones affected by fault interactions is investigated by a 3D elastoplastic mechanical model solved with the finite-element method. Ductile transpression between non-rigid walls implies an upward and lateral extrusion. The model results demonstrate that a, transpression zone evolves in a 3D strain field along non-coaxial strain paths. Distributed plastic strain, slip transfer, and maximum plastic strain occur within the transpression zone. Outside the transpression zone, fault slip is reduced because deformation is accommodated by distributed plastic shear. With progressive deformation, the sigma(3) axis (the minimum compressive stress) rotates within the transpression zone to form an oblique angle to the regional transport direction (similar to 9 degrees-10 degrees). The magnitude of displacement increases faster within the transpression zone than outside it. Rotation of the displacement vectors of oblique convergence with time suggests that transpression zone evolves toward an overall non-plane strain deformation. The slip decreases along fault segments and with increasing depth. This can be attributed to the accommodation of bulk shortening over adjacent fault segments. The model result shows an almost symmetrical domal uplift due to off-fault deformation, generating a doubly plunging fold and a 'positive flower' structure. Outside the overlap zone, expanding asymmetric basins subside to 'negative flower' structures on both sides of the transpression zone and are called 'transpressional basins'. Deflection at fault segments causes the fault dip fall to less than 90 degrees (similar to 86 degrees-89 degrees) near the surface (similar to 1.5 km). This results in a pure-shear-dominated, triclinic, and discontinuous heterogeneous flow of the transpression zone.
引用
收藏
页码:19 / 40
页数:22
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