Vitamin D3and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Featured Application Vitamin D(3)might be locally activated and exert numerous physiological effects in dental tissues. These aspects should be considered for the application of vitamin D(3)at dentistry. Vitamin D(3)is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D(3)on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D(3)into 25(OH)D(3)and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. The vitamin D(3)metabolites 25(OH)D(3)and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)and might regulate the local vitamin D-3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D(3)metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D(3)metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.