Transcatheter indirect mitral annuloplasty induces annular and left atrial remodelling in secondary mitral regurgitation

Aims Mitral annuloplasty using the Carillon Mitral Contour System (CMCS) reduces secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) and leads to reverse left ventricular remodelling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the CMCS on the mitral valve annulus (MA) and left atrial volume (LAV). Methods and results We retrospectively evaluated the data of all patients treated with the CMCS at our centre. Using transthoracic echocardiography, MA diameters were assessed by measuring the anterolateral to posteromedial extend (ALPM) and the anterior to posterior (AP) dimensions, respectively. Also, LAV and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) were assessed. Patients were examined at three time points: baseline, at 20-60 days (30dFUP), and at 9-15 months (1yFUP), using paired analysis. From July 2014 until March 2019, 75 cases of severe SMR were treated using CMCS. Cases in which other devices were used in combination (COMBO therapy, n = 35) or in which the device could not be implanted (implant failure, n = 3) were excluded, leaving 37 patients in the present analysis. Analysis at 30dFUP showed a significant reduction of 16% in the mean ALPM diameter (7.27 +/- 5.40 mm) and 15% in the AP diameter (6.57 +/- 5.33 mm). Analysis of LAV also showed a significant reduction of 21% (36.61 +/- 82.67 mL), with no significant change in LVEDV. At 1yFUP, the reduction of both the mean ALPM diameter of 14% (6.24 +/- 5.70 mm) and the mean AP diameter of 12% (5.46 +/- 4.99 mm) remained significant and stable. The reduction in LAV was also maintained at 23% (37.03 +/- 56.91 mL). LAV index was significantly reduced by 17% at 30dFUP (15.44 +/- 40.98 mL/m(2)) and by 13% at 1yFUP (11.56 +/- 31.87 mL/m(2)), respectively. LVEDV index showed no significant change at 30dFUP and a non-significant 10% reduction at 1yFUP (17.75 +/- 58.79 mL/m(2)). Conclusions The CMCS successfully treats symptomatic SMR with a stable reduction of not only the AP diameter of the MA, but the current study also demonstrates an additional reduction of the ALPM dimension at both 30dFUP and 1yFUP. We have also shown for the first time that LAV and LAV index are significantly reduced at both 30dFUP and 1yFUP and a non-significant positive remodelling of the LVEDV. This positive left atrial remodelling has not been looked for and demonstrated in earlier randomized studies of CMCS.