Recent investigation has proven that the bladder is not sterile. However, the implications of this finding in the pathophysiology and management of urothelial cell carcinoma have not been fully described. In this review, we summarize the literature relating to the urinary and gastrointestinal microbiomes in the context of urothelial cell carcinoma. The bladder microbiome may relate to urothelial cell carcinoma pathogenesis/progression, act as a noninvasive and modifiable urinary biomarker and have implications in treatment using immunotherapy agents such as intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Investigators should continue to optimize techniques to characterize this intriguing new area of human health. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc.
机构:
Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USARoswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
Heidar, Nassib Abou
Bhat, Tariq A.
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Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USARoswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
Bhat, Tariq A.
Shabir, Usma
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Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USARoswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
Shabir, Usma
Hussein, Ahmed A.
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Roswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
Cairo Univ, Dept Urol, Giza 12613, EgyptRoswell Park Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA