Crystal defects formed in electroformed nickel liners of shaped charges

Two types of electroformed nickel liners of shaped charges were prepared by electroforming technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) have been employed to investigate the crystal defects formed in electroformed nickel liners of shaped charges. The result shows that (100) fiber texture which is parallel to the grown direction exists in the electroformed nickel prepared by using direct current electroforming without any additives, and (111) fiber texture exists in the electroformed nickel prepared by using direct current electroforming with additives. The deposits prepared by using direct current electroforming possess columnar grain with an average grain size of 30 mu m in width and 170 mu m in length. The deposits prepared with additives are composed of a colony structures with grain size of about 29 nm, and a lot of crystal defects such as twins, antiphase boundaries and stacking faults have been observed in the electroformed nickel.