Distribution of Salmonella Serovars in Humans, Foods, Farm Animals and Environment, Companion and Wildlife Animals in Singapore

We analyzed the epidemiological distribution ofSalmonellaserovars in humans, foods, animals and the environment as a One-Health step towards identifying risk factors for human salmonellosis. Throughout the 2012-2016 period,Salmonellaser. Enteritidis was consistently the predominating serovar attributing to >20.0% of isolates in humans. Other most common serovars in humans includeSalmonellaser. Stanley,Salmonellaser. Weltevreden,Salmonellaser. Typhimurium andSalmonellaser. 4,5,12:b:-(dT+).S.Enteritidis was also the most frequent serovar found among the isolates from chicken/chicken products (28.5%) and eggs/egg products (61.5%) during the same period. In contrast,S.Typhimurium (35.2%) andSalmonellaser. Derby (18.8%) were prevalent in pork/pork products.S. Weltevreden was more frequent in seafood (19.2%) than others (<= 3.0%). Most isolates (>80.0%) from farms, companion and wildlife animals belonged to serovars other thanS. Enteritidis orS. Typhimurium. Findings demonstrate the significance of a One-Health investigative approach to understand the epidemiologySalmonellafor more effective and integrated surveillance systems.