Path Loss Analysis and Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications with Vehicle Obstructions

In this paper, we focus on the analysis and modeling of path loss characteristics for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications with vehicle obstructions. A series of channel measurements were performed at 5.9 GHz in a typical urban scenario for V2V communications. In these measurements we subdivided into three types of test cases: non-obstruction, small-vehicle obstruction, and large-vehicle obstruction. Then the path loss and shadow fading components of the three cases are extracted, compared and analyzed. Based on the measurements, we show the influence of different types of vehicle obstruction on path loss and shadow fading characteristics. It is found that small-vehicle obstruction does not significantly affect the mean of path loss, and it leads to additional shadow fading of 3 dB. Large vehicle obstruction brings about 10 dB of additional path loss. Finally, a path loss model is proposed, which includes the influence of vehicle occlusion on path loss and employs the classical log-distance path loss formula. The results in the paper could be used for the performance analysis and system design of V2V communication.