A model for stakeholder classification and stakeholder relationships

Purpose - This paper aims to develop a new model of stakeholder classification and a model for explaining the relationship between the organization and its respective stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach - The new proposed model is based on an empirical study that comprises an exploratory study based on 15 interviews and a confirmatory study based on 684 questionnaires answered by staff of 11 public universities. The main variable deployed is the stakeholder's respective level of influence from the organization's management perspective, that is, their level of legitimacy, power and urgency. Findings - The new model proposes six stakeholder types (regulator, controller, partner, passive, dependent and non-stakeholder). To explain the relationship between the stakeholder and the organization, the traditional needs-satisfaction vision was expanded. The variables of relevance, mutual influence and participation were found to be important in explaining the organization and stakeholder relationship. This study contributes both in simplifying stakeholder classification and in explaining the relationships between parties. Research limitations/implications - The study proposes a new model for stakeholder classification based on empirical research carried out with public organizations, therefore it is advisable to test this new classification scheme with other types of organizations. Originality/value - This research proposes a stakeholder classification scheme previously unpublished in the literature, which helps organizations managing the relationships with their stakeholders.