Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients

Purpose Characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in solid transplant recipients and compare outcomes with non-transplanted population. Methods We carried a retrospective cohort analysis in a tertiary care center in Madrid, Spain. The study reviews 26 cases of non-cutaneous HNSCC diagnosed in solid organ transplant recipients between 2000 and 2017. We select a cohort of 130 (1:5) non-transplanted patients among all non-transplanted patients diagnosed during the same period for comparison purposes, through hierarchical clustering analysis. Univariate, overall and specific survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate our objectives. Results The overall risk of non-cutaneous HNSCC in solid transplant recipients was 7.2 cases per 1000. Alcohol abuse (p = 0.021) and upfront surgery (p = 0.019) were more likely to occur in transplanted patients. Age > 60 was an independent predictor of worse outcomes both for overall (HR = 2.4,p < 0.001) and specific (HR = 2.1,p = 0.012) survival. Transplant significantly worse overall survival (HR = 2.1,p = 0.012) but no statistical significant differences were observed on specific survival (p = 0.392). Conclusions Solid organ transplant recipients have a higher risk of suffering non-cutaneous HNSCC. The higher mortality rate of these patients does not appear to be directly related to suffering from head and neck cancer, although it seems to contribute to developing other fatal complications in these fragile patients.