Frameworks of Entrepreneurial Universities: A Systematic Review

The definition of a model (framework) for an entrepreneurial university (EU), together with the definition of elements and characteristics that lead to its existence, have been widely discussed in the literature. This study aims to identify frameworks concepts for EU prevalent. The initial sample consisted of 181 surveys extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. From the selection of materials, we performed a reference analysis to identify additional studies. Subsequently, a content analysis was carried out on 50 articles, which made it possible to identify twelve different frameworks for the EU from 1998 to 2021. Internal restructuring, innovation, internationalization, hybridization, R&D, sustainability, global interaction with companies, associations and institutions, active methodologies, high-intensity research, among other aspects. These elements jointly raise the level of institutions. Finally, the novelty focuses on the elaboration of a final framework, which synthesizes the models that the literature presents, and the theoretical approaches, in short, follow institutional theory and economic theory and, implicitly, are integrated by formal environmental factors. and informal ones that positively or negatively influence the university development process to different degrees.