Self-reported psychological wellbeing in adolescents: the role of intellectual/developmental disability and gender

BackgroundThe Wellbeing in Special Education Questionnaire was developed to assess subjective wellbeing in young persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD) as this perspective is rarely included in research. The present study explored how ID/DD and gender are related to self-reported wellbeing among adolescents. MethodStudents with (n=110) or without (n=110) ID/DD, aged 12-16years, completed the Wellbeing in Special Education Questionnaire. Analyses of the effects of gender and disability status on peer relations and conflict, mental health, mental ill-health, school environment and family relations were carried out. ResultsThe experiences of the school environment and of positive mental health aspects did not differ between students with and without ID/DD, but those with ID/DD reported more mental health problems and less positive experiences of peer relations and family. Generally, boys reported more positive experiences of school and less mental health problems than girls. ConclusionsIncluding the subjective perspective of young persons with ID/DD through self-reports can provide essential information about wellbeing that cannot be gained from proxy ratings. The results suggest both differences and similarities in self-reported wellbeing between boys and girls with and without ID/DD and potentially also in how they perceived the concepts measured.