The Effects of Online Learning Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students? Satisfaction, Adjustment, Performance, and Loyalty

This research investigates the student online learning experience (SOLE) during the 2020 spring COVID-19 pandemic. We collected quantitative data through an online survey from 362 international students and 488 domestic students at a large Polish University. Correlation and path analysis within a conceptual model of SOLE and its academic outcomes established that (1) SOLE explained adjustment, performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (2) academic adjustment predicted performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (3) academic performance and satisfaction predicted student loyalty; and (4) academic performance predicted satisfaction. Interestingly, time spent in quarantine/self-isolation did not exert any effect on academic outcomes in SOLE. Moreover, qualitative data collected via narrative interviews with 13 students (11 international and 2 domestic) developed our understanding of SOLE and its outcomes. We propose some research and practice implications for universities to enhance SOLE.