In-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge response of the IceCube photomultiplier tubes

被引：12

作者：

Aartsen, M. G. ^{[18
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[61
]}

Adams, J. ^{[18
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[13
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[23
]}

Ahrens, M. ^{[51
,52
]}

Alispach, C. ^{[29
]}

Andeen, K. ^{[41
]}

Anderson, T. ^{[58
]}

Ansseau, I ^{[13
]}

Anton, G. ^{[27
]}

Arguelles, C. ^{[15
]}

Auffenberg, J. ^{[1
]}

Axani, S. ^{[15
]}

Backes, P. ^{[1
]}

Bagherpour, H. ^{[18
]}

Bai, X. ^{[48
]}

Balagopal, A., V ^{[32
]}

Barbano, A. ^{[29
]}

Barwick, S. W. ^{[31
]}

Bastian, B. ^{[61
]}

Baum, V ^{[40
]}

Baur, S. ^{[13
]}

Bay, R. ^{[9
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[20
,21
,22
]}

Becker, K-H ^{[60
]}

Tjus, J. Becker ^{[12
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[50
]}

Berley, D. ^{[19
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[61
,62
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[33
,63
]}

Binder, G. ^{[9
,10
]}

Bindig, D. ^{[60
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[19
]}

Blot, S. ^{[61
]}

Bohm, C. ^{[51
,52
]}

Boerner, M. ^{[24
]}

Boeser, S. ^{[40
]}

Botner, O. ^{[59
]}

Boettcher, J. ^{[1
]}

Bourbeau, E. ^{[23
]}

Bourbeau, J. ^{[38
,39
]}

Bradascio, F. ^{[61
]}

Braun, J. ^{[38
,39
]}

Bron, S. ^{[29
]}

Brostean-Kaiser, J. ^{[61
]}

Burgman, A. ^{[59
]}

Buscher, J. ^{[1
]}

Busse, R. S. ^{[42
]}

Carver, T. ^{[29
]}

机构：

[1] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[2] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

[3] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA

[4] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, 502 Yates St,Sci Hall Rm 108,Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA

[5] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

[6] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[7] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[8] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[9] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[10] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[11] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[12] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[13] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[14] Vrije Univ Brussel VUB, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[15] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[16] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[17] Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[18] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

[19] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[20] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[21] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[22] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[23] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[24] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[25] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[26] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[27] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[28] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[29] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

[30] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[31] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[32] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

[33] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[34] SNOLAB, Creighton Mine 9,1039 Reg Rd 24, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2, Canada

[35] UCLA, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[36] Mercer Univ, Dept Phys, Macon, GA 31207 USA

[37] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[38] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[39] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[40] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[41] Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[42] Westfalische Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany

[43] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[44] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[45] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

[46] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England

[47] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[48] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Phys Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

[49] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA

[50] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION | 2020年 / 15卷 / 06期

基金：

新加坡国家研究基金会; 美国国家科学基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 加拿大创新基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields; charge transport; multiplication and induction; pulse formation; electron emission; etc); Photon detectors for UV; visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers; HPDs; others); PERFORMANCE; DESIGN;

D O I：

10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06032

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the individual PMT charge distributions is important for PMT calibration, data and Monte Carlo simulation agreement, and understanding the effect of hardware differences within the detector. We discuss the single photoelectron identification procedure and how we extract the single-photoelectron charge distribution using a deconvolution of the multiple-photoelectron charge distribution.

引用

页数：27

共 36 条

[1] High-precision calibration of gain and characterization of single-photoelectron response in photomultiplier tubes
Wang, Yan
Jiang, Kun
Shen, Kaifeng
Li, Cheng
Tang, Zebo
Zha, Wangmei
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2025, 1073
[2] Model independent approach to the single photoelectron calibration of photomultiplier tubes
Saldanha, R.
Grandi, L.
Guardincerri, Y.
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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 2017, 863 : 35 - 46
[3] Calibration and characterization of photomultiplier tubes of the IceCube neutrino detector
Miyamoto, H.
Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Vol 5: OG 2.5, 2.6 & 2.7, 2005, : 63 - 66
[4] Single-photoelectron calibration of PMTs needs no analytical model
不详
LASER FOCUS WORLD, 2016, 52 (03): : 9 - 9
[5] Studies of single-photoelectron response and of performance in magnetic field of a H8500C-03 photomultiplier tube
Malace, S. P.
Sawatzky, B. D.
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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2013, 8
[6] Accurate Analytical Single-Photoelectron Response of Silicon Photomultipliers
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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, 2014, 14 (08) : 2749 - 2754
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JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION, 2012, 7
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Tcherniakhovski, Denis
2005 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5, 2005, : 887 - 890
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NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, 1985, 242 (01): : 156 - 159
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