A Review on Medical Waste Management: Treatment, Recycling, and Disposal Options

被引:18
|
作者
Attrah, Mustafa [1 ]
Elmanadely, Amira [1 ]
Akter, Dilruba [1 ]
Rene, Eldon R. [1 ]
机构
[1] IHE Delft Inst Water Educ, Dept Water Supply Sanitat & Environm Engn, Westvest 7, NL-2611 AX Delft, Netherlands
关键词
medical waste; human health; legislations; classification of medical waste; incineration; CHINA;
D O I
10.3390/environments9110146
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Many nations struggle with the collection, separation, and disposal of medical waste. However, extra caution is required to avoid the risk of injury, cross-contamination, and infection; thus, healthcare workers and individuals responsible for waste management must follow the mandatory safety procedures. In this review, a classification of the various types and categories of medical waste and its treatment methods are discussed. Due to the fact that medical waste can be contaminated and hazardous, it must be managed and processed using complex steps and procedures. In many countries, the primary medical/hospital waste treatment method is incineration, which is regarded as a highly polluting process that emits numerous pollutants that degrade air quality and pose a threat to human health and the environment. As case studies, medical waste treatment and disposal practices in Germany, China, USA, and Egypt were compared, and the legislations and laws enacted to regulate medical waste in each of these countries are reviewed and discussed.
引用
收藏
页数:16
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