Prevalence and characteristics associated with high dose opioid users among older adults

Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of high dose opioid users among older adults. Study populations included adults >= 65 years with: 1) 12-month continuous medical plan enrollment; and 2) at least 2 opioid prescriptions with a cumulative day supply >= 15 days. Opioid users were categorized as high dose >120 milligram morphine equivalents (MME) per day or lower dose <= 120 MMES per day. Among eligible insureds, 3% (N = 7616) were identified as high dose opioid users. Compared to lower dose users, high dose opioid users were male, younger, depressed, in poorer health, had back pain, used benzodiazepines and/or sleep medications, and used 4 or more pharmacies. The prevalence of high dose opioid users was relatively small but users were characterized by a complex mix of physical and mental health issues. Interventions to reduce reliance on opioids may need mental health management to promote more effective pain management. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)