A Neuronavigation System Using a Mobile Augmented Reality Solution

BACKGROUND: Image-guided surgery has shown great utility in neurosurgery, especially in allowing for more accurate surgical planning and navigation. The current gold standard for image-guided neurosurgery is neuro-navigation, which provides millimetric accuracy on such tasks. However, these approaches often require a compli-cated setup and have high cost, hindering their potential in low-and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of a mobile -based augmented reality neuronavigation solution under different conditions in a preclinical environment.-METHODS: The application was developed using the Swift programming language and was tested on a replica of a human scalp under variable lighting, with different -umbers of registration points and target point position conditions. For each condition, reference points were input into the application, and the target points were computed for 10 iterations. The mean registration error and target error were used to assess the performance of the application.-RESULTS: In the best-case scenario, the proposed so-lution had a mean target error of 2.6 +/- 1.6 mm.-CONCLUSIONS: Our approach provides a viable, low-cost, easy-to-use, portable method for locating points on the scalp surface with an accuracy of 2.6 +/- 1.6 mm in the best-case scenario.-