Cirrus Cloud Radiative Forcing at the Top of Atmosphere using the Nighttime Global Distribution with the Microphysical Parameters Derived from AVHRR

The radiative effect of cirrus clouds is particularly ambiguous in the climate research. We calculated the global cirrus cloud radiative forcing (CRFci) distributions at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) using the cloud microphysical parameters of effective radius (Re), optical thickness (COT) and the cloud top temperature (CTT) derived from AVHRR nighttime data. The results indicate that cirrus clouds warm the atmosphere, and in particular produce a large warming effect in the tropics. We also computed the dependence of radiative forcing on the effective radius of cloud particles, the optical thickness of the cloud, and the cloud-top temperature (CTT) and determined that cooling effects occur with clouds when their optical thickness is greater than 4.0 similar to 4.5 with a cloud top temperature of 220K and 2.5 similar to 3.0 with a cloud top temperature of 235K. Cloud radiative forcing in April 1987 (El Nino year) and April 1990 (neutral year) were computed, and found that a larger amount of cirrus clouds appeared in the tropics off Peru in 1987 than in 1990. But the globally averaged net cloud radiative forcing was smaller by 0.55W/m(2) in 1987 than in 1990. Consequently, the temperature distribution of the oceans has a global effect on atmospheric warming and cooling.