Adult ADHD: Psychosocial Treatment Components and Efficacy Status

Psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity dis- order (ADHD) in adults and emerging adults have developed to address core symptoms of ADHD (hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention) and associated functional impairments. These psychosocial treatments have been developed to enhance the effect of medication treatments. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments teach patients skills in organization, time management, and planning by using a cognitive-behavioral framework. The latest version of these programs also teaches mindfulness skills, so patients learn to think critically before acting impulsively. Cognitive components to address maladaptive thoughts found in ADHD and associated patterns found in comorbid anxiety and depression facilitate mental health. Research indicates that these skill-based programs lead to significant changes including reductions in core symptoms, improved executive functioning, and reduced functional impairments. This article reviews the findings from meta-analyses and details treatment targets and treatment components contained in efficacious interventions.