Dust and Gas Emissions from Small-Scale Peat Combustion

While peatland has long been exploited for agricultural activities, these make it vulnerable to fires, which emit pollutants into the atmosphere and adversely affect air quality. The aim of this study was thus to determine the main composition of air pollutants from peat soil combustion. The main parameters of the related gas pollutants, e.g., SO2, NO2, CO, O-3 and PM10, and their components, such as anions, cations, heavy metals and levoglucosan, have been determined. The gas concentration was determined using the colorimetric method after the air had been assimilated into absorbing solutions. The PM10 concentration was established using a low volume air sampler equipped with weighted filter paper. The anion concentration of PM10 was analyzed using ion chromatography, while the cation and heavy metal concentrations were ascertained using inductively couple plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Moreover, the concentration of levoglucosan was determined using the Anthrone-Sulfuric Colorimetric method. The results show that the dominant gas from the emission of burning peat soil was CO (13850-20610 mu g/m(3)) followed by NO2 (608- 831 mu g/m(3)), SO2 (113-367 mu g/ m3) and O-3 (76-156 mu g/m(3)). A high PM10 concentration was released from 1 h peat soil combustion with a range of 778- 3444 mu g/m(3). The composition of heavy metals in PM10 shows the sequence of Zn > Al > Fe > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The sequence of anion and cation concentrations in PM10 was NO3- > SO42- > Na+ > Cl- > Ca2+ > K+ > F- > Mg2+. Levoglucosan was found to be a good indicator for peat combustion at a range of 1.44-3.90 mu mol/m(3). This research shows that the emission of peat soil fires produces various amounts of air pollutants that affect the environment and chemical reactions in the atmosphere.