A new softening agent for melt spinning of softwood kraft lignin

Kraft lignin obtained from the pulping of wood is an interesting new precursor material for carbon fiber production because of its high carbon content and ready availability. However, continuous spinning of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) has been impossible because of its insufficient softening characteristics and neat hardwood kraft lignin (HKL) has required extensive pretreatments to enable fiber formation. Softwood kraft lignin permeate (SKLP) and hardwood kraft lignin permeate (HKLP), fractionated by membrane filtration, were continuously melt spun into fibers. To improve the spinnability of SKL and HKL, HKLP was added as a softening agent. SKL- and HKL-based fibers were obtained by adding 398 wt % HKLP. A suitable temperature range for spinning was 2085 degrees C above the Tg of the lignin samples, and this range gave a flawless appearance according to the SEM analysis. Smooth, homogeneous fibers of SKLP, HKLP, and SKL with HKLP were successfully processed into solid carbon fibers. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013