Blood and milk cellular immune responses of mastitic non-periparturient cows inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus

Lymphocyte function and phenotype of peripheral blood and mammary gland cells were evaluated in non-periparturient cows before and at 1, 4 to 8 and 9 to 14 d after inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus, as expressed by percentage of CD3+, CD2+, and CD45R+ cells, antigen density of these markers per lymphocyte, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Milk bacterial counts and somatic cell counts (SCC) were also assessed. Mitogen-induced blastogenic responses were strong in blood and weak in mammary gland cells in all observations and positively correlated with the percent of CD45R+ cells. Significantly greater percentages of milk CD3+ lymphocytes and increased CD3, CD2, and CD45R antigen density per cell were observed after challenge. The blood CD3 and CD2 antigen density per lymphocyte and the milk CD2+ lymphocyte percent were negatively correlated with SCC (P less than or equal to 0.01). No mastitis (SCC less than or equal to 500 000 cells/mL) was observed in cows showing blood lymphocyte CD2 and CD3 antigen density indices greater than or equal to 2.5 and 6, respectively. Forty-one percent of SCC values were predicted by the combined blood CD2 and milk CD3 antigen density (P less than or equal to 0.01). These findings support the hypotheses that mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis is not a valid test to assess mammary gland immunocompetence and that CD2 expression may facilitate immune responses by decreasing the number of T cell receptors required to achieve full activation.