An E-band, Scalable 2x2 Phased-Array Transceiver Using High Isolation Injection Locked Oscillators in 90nm SiGe BiCMOS

This paper presents the first E-band phased array transceiver that uses injection locked oscillators (ILOs) for beamforming. We propose a current injection distribution network with wide locking range and high isolation. A 2x2 bidirectional transceiver is demonstrated to operate from 71-86 GHz and measurements verify that each oscillator can be controlled independently with phase shift over +/-300 degrees with < 5 degrees phase error and under 0.9 dB amplitude variation. Each channel has a 9.5-dB noise figure in RX mode and a 10-dBm output power in TX mode. The phase noise of the locked oscillator exhibits less than 2.5 dB variation across the phase steering range. The 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS chip consumes 386.4 mW in TX mode and 286 mW in RX mode per channel.