Heterogeneity of Labor Market Integration: Differences by Gender and Ethnicity of Forcedly Displaced Populations and other Internal Migrants

This paper studies differences in the economic integration of male and female internal migrants in Colombia by reason for migration (voluntarily and forcedly displaced), and by ethnic status. We use data from the National Survey of Quality of Life for the period between 2012 and 2016 to estimate a series of multivariate models to explain three outcomes of economic integration: labor force participation, class of worker, and monthly earnings. Applying an intersectional approach, this study informs variations in the integration of heterogeneous populations where migration status, ethnicity and gender interact as forms of identity and belonging. Results show that the forcedly displaced show the largest disadvantages for the three outcomes. However, within this group, afrodescendent women and indigenous men face the most precarious forms of labor market incorporation.