SIMULATION IN METALLURGY: PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

Metallurgical processes may typically involve many physical phenomena such as fluid flow, heat transfer, solidification, electromagnetism, chemistry, and kinetics in multi-component multi-phase systems. Permanently growing computational power and a massive shift to parallel cloud computing allow us to design multiphysics numerical simulations and thus gain a deeper insight into fundamental and technical issues. This article overviews up-to-date modeling efforts/achievements in the metallurgical discipline and is not afraid to critically assess current drawbacks as well as to show directions for future developments. The topics concerned are local heat treatment of as-cast structures, clogging of submerged entry nozzle, electro-slag rapid remelting, thin slab casting, sedimentation of equiaxed crystals, columnar-to-equiaxed transition due to fragmentation.