Energy Recovery with Microbial Fuel Cells: Bioremediation and Bioelectricity

This chapter presents an overview on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a novel electrogenic reactor systems for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and generation of bioelectricity. MFCs work on the principle that organic matter present in wastewater serves as a primary substrate for the bacteria to consume and release electrons, facilitating the treatment of wastewater with simultaneous generation of power. Microbes in the anode chamber generate protons (H+) and electrons (e(-)) through reactions by decomposing the rich organics present in the wastewater and in the process treating the wastewater and producing a value added product which is bioelectricity. When these protons travel through the membrane and the circuit, respectively, power is generated from the system. Given the non-renewable aspect and polluting nature of fossil fuels, MFCs have generated interest among several research communities around the world. Following a historical approach toward this technology, the chapter discusses the various types of microbial fuel cells prevalent and compares the different MFC designs used. The role of proton exchange membrane separating the anodic and cathodic chambers is also explained. It focusses on the principle and working of an MFC and describes the instrumentation and procedure for reporting data. Additionally, the chapter presents benefits, drawbacks, and future scope of research in this field.