Cryolipolysis (CLL) for Reduction of Localized Subcutaneous Fat: Review of the Literature and an Evidence-Based Analysis

Introduction In recent years, cryolipolysis (CLL), a non-invasive approach based upon the inherent sensitivity of adipocytes to cold injury, has emerged. However, it is not clear whether available evidence to date about its efficacy justifies aggressive marketing and extensive widespread application by many practitioners without well-defined indications or objectives of treatment. The current review is intended to evaluate available evidence regarding CLL mechanisms of action and its efficacy not only in fat reducing but also in its ability to result in an aesthetically optimal outcome. Materials and Methods A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus computerized medical bibliographic database was conducted with the search terms "cryolipolysis,'' "lipocryolysis,'' and "cool sculpting.'' Selection criteria included all matched reports with the search terms in their titles. Results Thirty-two reports matched the inclusion criteria of this review. Five experimental studies were identified and included to further supplement the discussion. Conclusion Most reports about CLL included in this review lacked rigorous scientific methodology in study design or in outcome measurement. Serious concerns about integrity of many of these reports, particularly with respect to validity of photographic outcome documentation in addition to objectivity, conflict of interest issues, and commercial bias, have been expressed. Further research should be encouraged to prove with methodological rigor positive effects of this treatment modality and to determine categories of patients in whom most favorable outcomes might be expected.